Induced Alpha-lipoic acid Production (With Anthocyanins)

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ChatGPT: Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring antioxidant that is produced in small amounts by the body. It plays a key role in energy metabolism and is involved in several cellular processes. ALA is also available as a dietary supplement and is often taken for its potential health benefits.

Anthocyanins are a group of water-soluble pigments that give many fruits and vegetables their red, blue, and purple colors. They are also powerful antioxidants and have been associated with various health benefits, such as reducing inflammation, improving cognitive function, and protecting against certain chronic diseases.

An overview of the potential health benefits of both alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and anthocyanins:

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA):

  • Powerful antioxidant that helps protect against oxidative stress and inflammation
  • May improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, making it potentially beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes
  • May enhance weight loss and reduce body fat by increasing energy expenditure and reducing appetite
  • May improve cardiovascular health by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and blood pressure, and improving blood lipid profile
  • May have neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, improving mitochondrial function, and enhancing cognitive function
  • May help protect against liver damage by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and improving liver function
  • May improve skin health by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and enhancing collagen production

Anthocyanins:

  • Powerful antioxidants that help protect against oxidative stress and inflammation
  • May reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by improving blood lipid profile, reducing inflammation, and enhancing endothelial function
  • May improve cognitive function and memory by increasing blood flow to the brain, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing neuroplasticity
  • May reduce the risk of certain cancers by inhibiting angiogenesis, inducing apoptosis, and reducing inflammation
  • May improve vision by protecting against age-related macular degeneration and improving visual acuity
  • May have anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway
  • May have antimicrobial activity against various bacteria, fungi, and viruses by disrupting their cell membranes or inhibiting their enzymatic activities

References:

Alpha-lipoic acid:

  1. Packer L, Witt EH, Tritschler HJ. Alpha-lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med. 1995;19(2):227-250. doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(95)00017-R
  2. Zhang WJ, Bird KE, McMillen TS, LeBoeuf RC, Hagen TM. A specific blend of nutrients minimizes oxidative damage in diabetic rats: relevance to dietary management of diabetic patients. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003;34(3):296-306. doi: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01370-6
  3. Rochette L, Ghibu S, Muresan A, Vergely C. Alpha-lipoic acid: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in diabetes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015;93(12):1021-1027. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0415
  4. Koh EH, Lee WJ, Lee SA, et al. Effects of alpha-lipoic Acid on body weight in obese subjects. Am J Med. 2011;124(1):85.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.08.005
  5. Han D, Handelman G, Marcocci L, et al. Lipoic acid increases de novo synthesis of cellular glutathione by improving cystine utilization. Biofactors. 1997;6(3):321-338. doi: 10.1002/biof.5520060308
  6. Maczurek A, Hager K, Kenklies M, et al. Lipoic acid as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(13-14):1463-1470. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.04.015
  7. Packer L, Tritschler HJ, Wessel K. Neuroprotection by the metabolic antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid. Free Radic Biol Med. 1997;22(1-2):359-378. doi: 10.1016/s0891-5849(96)00457-6
  8. Morris G, Anderson G, Berk M, Maes M. Coenzyme Q10 Depletion in Medical and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Potential Repercussions and Therapeutic Implications. Mol Neurobiol. 2013;48(3):883-903. doi: 10.1007/s12035-013-8477-8

Anthocyanins:

  1. Wallace TC. Anthocyanins in cardiovascular disease. Adv Nutr. 2011;2(1):1-7. doi: 10.3945/an.110.000042
  2. Bell L, Lamport DJ, Butler LT, Williams CM. A review of the cognitive effects observed in humans following acute supplementation with flavonoids, and their associated mechanisms of action. Nutrients. 2015;7(12):10290-10306. doi: 10.3390/nu7125538
  3. Wang LS, Stoner GD. Anthocyanins and their role in cancer prevention. Cancer Lett. 2008;269(2):281-290. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.03.018
  4. Spencer JP. The impact of fruit flavonoids on memory and cognition. Br J Nutr. 2010;104 Suppl 3:S40-S47. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510003943
  5. Faria A, Calhau C. The bioactivity of flavonoids in cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2016;28:13-19. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.02.004
  6. Shih PH, Yeh CT, Yen GC. Anthocyanins induce the activation of phase II enzymes through the antioxidant response element pathway against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. J Agric Food Chem. 2007;55(21):9427-9435. doi: 10.1021/jf071938a
  7. Krikorian R, Shidler MD, Nash TA, et al. Blueberry supplementation improves memory in older adults. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58(7):3996-4000. doi: 10.1021/jf9029332
  8. Joseph JA, Shukitt-Hale B, Willis LM. Grape juice, berries, and walnuts affect brain aging and behavior. J Nutr. 2009;139(9):1813S-1817S. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.106101
  9. Spencer JP, Vafeiadou K, Williams RJ, et al. Flavonoids and cognition: the molecular mechanisms underlying their behavioural effects. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2008;476(2):101-105. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.03.004
  10. Subash S, Essa MM, Al-Adawi S, Memon MA, Manivasagam T, Akbar M. Neuroprotective effects of berry fruits on neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res. 2014;9(16):1557-1566. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.139483
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